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PHP CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)

Learn this topic step-by-step with VOKS Tutorials.

Prerequisites

  1. Web Server – XAMPP, WAMP, MAMP, or LAMP
  2. PHP Installed – PHP 7+ recommended
  3. MySQL Database

Database Setup Example:

CREATE DATABASE testdb;

USE testdb;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
  • id → Unique identifier
  • name → User’s name
  • email → User’s email

Database Connection (config.php)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = "testdb";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $database);

// Check connection
if($conn->connect_error){
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
?>
  • $conn → Connection object used for all database queries

CREATE Operation (create.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $name = $_POST['name'];
    $email = $_POST['email'];


    $sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('$name', '$email')";
    mysqli_query($conn, $sql);


    header("Location: read.php");
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Create User</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="POST">
    Name: <input type="text" name="name" required><br><br>
    Email: <input type="email" name="email" required><br><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Create">
</form>
</body>
</html>
  • $_POST → Retrieves form data
  • INSERT INTO → SQL query to add data
⚠️ Tip: For security, use prepared statements to prevent SQL injection.

READ Operation (read.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users");
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Read Users</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Users</h2>
<a href="create.php">Add New User</a>
<table border="1" cellpadding="10">
    <tr>
        <th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Actions</th>
    </tr>
    <?php while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()): ?>
    <tr>
        <td><?= $row['id'] ?></td>
        <td><?= $row['name'] ?></td>
        <td><?= $row['email'] ?></td>
        <td>
            <a href="update.php?id=<?= $row['id'] ?>">Edit</a> |
            <a href="delete.php?id=<?= $row['id'] ?>" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?')">Delete</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <?php endwhile; ?>
</table>
</body>
</html>
  • $result->fetch_assoc() → Fetch each row as an associative array
  • num_rows → Number of rows returned

UPDATE Operation (update.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

$id = $_GET['id']; 
$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=$id");
$user = $result->fetch_assoc();


if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $name = $_POST['name']; 
    $email = $_POST['email']; 


    $conn->query("UPDATE users SET name='$name', email='$email' WHERE id=$id");
    header("Location: read.php");
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Update User</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Update User</h2>
    <form method="post" >
        Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?= $user['name'] ?>" required><br><br>
        Email: <input type="email" name="email" value="<?= $user['email'] ?>" required><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="Update">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
  • $_GET['id'] → Gets user ID from URL query
  • UPDATE → SQL command to modify data
  • Usually called from a link/button with the ID in the URL:
<td>
    <a href="edit.php?id=<?= $row['id'] ?>">Edit</a>
</td>

DELETE Operation (delete.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

$id = $_GET['id'];
$conn->query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id=$id");

header("Location: create.php");
?>
  • DELETE FROM → Removes the record
  • Usually called from a link/button with the ID in the URL:
<td>
    <a href="delete.php?id=<?= $row['id'] ?>" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?')">Delete</a>
</td>

Complete CRUD Flow

  1. Create: Form submits new user → INSERT INTO
  2. Read: Display users → SELECT *
  3. Update: Edit user → UPDATE
  4. Delete: Remove user → DELETE
This forms the basic structure of dynamic web applications like blogs, user management, and e-commerce.

✅ Key Points:

  1. CRUD is essential for database-driven web apps.
  2. Use INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE SQL commands.
  3. Always validate and sanitize user input to prevent SQL injection.
  4. PHP + MySQL + HTML forms = dynamic, functional web apps.
  5. You can integrate Bootstrap to make the interface user-friendly.

Practice Example: Simple PHP CRUD Table


//Create database table

CREATE DATABASE testdb;

USE testdb;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

//Database configuration (config.php)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database = "testdb";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $database);

// Check connection
if($conn->connect_error){
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
?>

//Create Operation (create.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {
    $name = $_POST['name'];
    $email = $_POST['email'];


    $sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('$name', '$email')";
    mysqli_query($conn, $sql);


    header("Location: read.php");
}
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Create User</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="POST">
    Name: <input type="text" name="name" required><br><br>
    Email: <input type="email" name="email" required><br><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Create">
</form>
</body>
</html>

//Read Operation (read.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users");
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Read Users</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Users</h2>
<a href="create.php">Add New User</a>
<table border="1" cellpadding="10">
    <tr>
        <th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Actions</th>
    </tr>
    <?php while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()): ?>
    <tr>
        <td><?= $row['id'] ?></td>
        <td><?= $row['name'] ?></td>
        <td><?= $row['email'] ?></td>
        <td>
            <a href="update.php?id=<?= $row['id'] ?>">Edit</a> |
            <a href="delete.php?id=<?= $row['id'] ?>" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?')">Delete</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <?php endwhile; ?>
</table>
</body>
</html>

//Update Operation (update.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

$id = $_GET['id']; 
$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=$id");
$user = $result->fetch_assoc();


if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $name = $_POST['name']; 
    $email = $_POST['email']; 


    $conn->query("UPDATE users SET name='$name', email='$email' WHERE id=$id");
    header("Location: read.php");
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Update User</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Update User</h2>
    <form method="post" >
        Name: <input type="text" name="name" value="<?= $user['name'] ?>" required><br><br>
        Email: <input type="email" name="email" value="<?= $user['email'] ?>" required><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="Update">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

//Delete Operation (delete.php)

<?php
include 'config.php';

$id = $_GET['id'];
$conn->query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id=$id");

header("Location: create.php");
?>
QUICK KNOWLEDGE CHECK

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Course contents
PHP
01 Introduction 02 PHP Configuration 03 PHP CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) 04 PHP Error Handling 05 PHP Form Submission 06 Login System 07 PHP Comments